La Federación Colombiana de Periodistas – FECOLPER -, que aglutina a más de 1200 periodistas de 29 organizaciones gremiales de base en las distintas regiones del país, preocupada por las difíciles condiciones en que se ejerce la actividad periodística, alerta sobre las sistemáticas dificultades para garantizar la libertad de prensa, y propone los siguientes horizontes de trabajo para el gremio y al tiempo hace un llamado al Gobierno Nacional a cumplir sus obligaciones:
- GARANTÍAS DE PROTECCIÓN Y LIBERTAD DE PRENSA.
El Gobierno Nacional debe garantizar la protección de los derechos humanos de quienes ejercen la actividad periodística, así como las condiciones propicias para el desarrollo de un periodismo libre, sin censuras, ni presiones de ningún tipo. La FECOLPER reitera las fallas del actual mecanismo de protección, a cargo de la Unidad Nacional de Protección – UNP, y evidencia los bajos o nulos resultados de la Fiscalía General de la Nación frente a las judicializaciones por asesinatos y amenazas de periodistas. Además, insta a la creación de una veeduría social y técnica que de forma independiente permita verificar y hacer seguimiento a las denuncias formuladas.
Las organizaciones gremiales de periodistas afiliadas a la FECOLPER, valoran y participan en la iniciativa gubernamental de construcción de Política Pública para la Libertad de Expresión y el impulso del Proceso de Reparación Colectiva a Periodistas, pero hacen la salvedad que urge construir una oferta institucional que sobrepase acciones de capacitación y formación, es decir, programas y medidas que sean integrales, pertinentes e inmediatos frente al incremento registrado de distintas modalidades de violencia contra periodistas, entre las que sobresalen las amenazas, las agresiones que provienen de funcionarios públicos (incluida la Fuerza Pública), las campañas de estigmatización o desprestigio, así como algunos casos de censura directa a la prensa.
- GARANTÍAS LABORALES.
La precarización laboral, la informalidad en el empleo y los bajos ingresos se han instalado como una constante entre las formas de vinculación de los periodistas a los medios de comunicación, particularmente en las regiones; donde además se agudiza el cierre de medios, en contravía de la pluralidad y la diversidad. Esta realidad ha conducido a dinámicas recurrentes de abandono de la profesión, desplazamientos a otras zonas o ciudades en búsqueda de mejores oportunidades laborales, y limitaciones en el desarrollo del proyecto de vida de los y las periodistas, entre otras. La generación de ingresos de los periodistas asociada a la venta de pauta publicitaria, el pago por nota producida y en algunos casos sólo por nota emitida, no sólo precariza las condiciones de ejercicio de la actividad periodística, sino que a su vez afecta la independencia y la calidad de la información. A esto se suma el desarrollo de jornadas laborales extensas y la ausencia del cubrimiento de riesgos profesionales.
La FECOLPER hace un llamado al Gobierno Nacional en cabeza del Ministerio del Trabajo y a los propietarios de los grandes medios, a construir una Mesa de Concertación que permita superar esta realidad, en clave de garantizar la protección de los derechos laborales de los y las periodistas, así como las condiciones de independencia, libertad y calidad de la actividad periodística.
- DESARROLLO LEGAL DEL RECONOCIMIENTO CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA ACTIVIDAD PERIODÍSTICA.
Aunque la Constitución Política de 1991, además de reconocer los derechos de toda la ciudadanía a la libertad de expresión y a la información, hace un reconocimiento especial de la actividad periodística y plantea que ésta deberá gozar de protección en clave de garantizar su libertad e independencia profesional, en el país no ha existido un marco legal que lo desarrolle. En este sentido, para la FECOLPER se hace necesario avanzar en la construcción de un instrumento normativo que catalogue nuevamente el periodismo como profesión de alto riesgo y establezcan unos mínimos que garanticen el ejercicio libre, digno y responsable de la profesión.
- EQUIDAD DE GÉNERO.
La FEDERACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE PERIODISTAS, trabaja por la construcción de prácticas y patrones culturales basados en la equidad de género, dentro del ejercicio de la profesión y en las formas de relacionamiento al interior gremio. En este proceso ha quedado en evidencia la ocurrencia frecuente de formas de violencia invisibles, directas y particulares que sufren las mujeres periodistas en el ejercicio del oficio, por su condición de mujeres, y el sub-registro de este tipo de casos en los informes sobre violaciones a derechos humanos o situación de la libertad de prensa en el país.
Para la FECOLPER es importante garantizar que en procesos como la construcción de la Política Pública para la Libertad de Expresión y el impulso del Proceso de Reparación Colectiva a Periodistas, el enfoque de equidad de género sea transversal a las propuestas que se construyan y se habiliten mecanismos y/o instancias especializadas en el tema.
- EL GREMIO FRENTE AL PROCESO DE PAZ.
La FECOLPER como organización integrada por iniciativas gremiales de base reconoce la importancia del Proceso de Paz adelantado entre el Gobierno Nacional y las FARC, como paso significativo para construir los elementos de un país democrático, equitativo y en paz. Sin embargo, se hace un llamado al Gobierno Nacional para que se brinden a los y las periodistas del país todas las garantías de acceso a la información y a todas las fuentes directas, tanto en el actual momento de desarrollo de las conversaciones como en las fases siguientes de divulgación del Acuerdo Final e implementación del mismo. Se hace un especial llamado a que sean tenidas en cuenta las organizaciones de periodistas y los medios de comunicación locales, comunitarios y alternativos.
Por otro lado, desde el gremio se exige que se garantice la participación de las organizaciones de periodistas en los procesos de diseño de propuestas e implementación de los acuerdos referidos a medios de comunicación e información, particularmente los consignados en el Acuerdo 2 sobre Participación Política. También se hace un llamado para que en el marco del proceso de reconstrucción de la verdad que llevará a cabo la Comisión de la Verdad, contemplada en el Acuerdo 5 sobre Víctimas del Conflicto, haya una participación directa de los periodistas como portavoces de la realidad del conflicto en las distintas regiones del país.
Finamente instamos a periodistas, procesos gremiales de periodistas, organizaciones que trabajan por la Libertad de Prensa, medios de comunicación y a las diferentes instituciones del Gobierno Nacional concernidas en los anteriores puntos, a discutir en conjunto estas propuestas, concertar mecanismos o instancias para profundizar en cada una de ellas, construir propuestas y lograr acuerdos, en perspectiva de garantizar las condiciones para un ejercicio libre del periodismo, que aporte al momento histórico que vive el país.
Atentamente,
Junta Directiva FECOLPER
Adriana Hurtado
Presidenta
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