Por Aníbal Charry González.
Ahora que el ministro de Justicia Néstor Osuna, está hablando de la enésima reforma a la justicia, que en realidad no es tal, sino la inveterada reforma al Código Penal para aliviar el sistema penitenciario según lo ha dicho, en un país carente de política criminal y penitenciaria que consulte nuestra idiosincrasia social, resulta pertinente precisar lo que significan los dos conceptos a que se refiere el epígrafe de esta columna: sabido es desde la órbita del derecho penal, que quien delinque requiere de un tratamiento especial que tenga como objetivo su resocialización, de tal suerte que la sanción o pena que se le imponga deba cumplir con esta finalidad para que el sancionado por infringir las normas penales, no reincida nuevamente.
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Pues bien: la pregunta axial que debemos formularnos es si en nuestro país se cumplen o se han cumplido a cabalidad lo que significan la cárcel y la resocialización, y al rompe tenemos que responder rotundamente que no, precisamente porque no hemos tenido una auténtica política penal y penitenciaria que consulte nuestra especial y cruda realidad delincuencial como lo he dicho, acudiendo siempre a la aplicación de normas y sistemas penales foráneos que funcionan bien en otras sociedades donde sí la tienen, pero aquí fracasan como el sistema penal acusatorio, por aquello de que una cosa es la ley en Dinamarca, y muy otra en Cundinamarca como dijera el maestro Darío Echandía, y por eso seguimos invictos dando palos de ciego sobre el tema.
De interés: El gobierno del pueblo y del cambio
Es así, cómo en estos momentos bajo el ropaje de una reforma a la justicia que reitero no lo es en un país que requiere un reforma integral a la justicia que el Congreso no ha podido ni querido hacer por los intereses que siempre están en juego, donde los aforados constitucionales se controlan recíprocamente y los presidentes no tienen un juez serio y real, y los que proponen las reformas al Código Penal son los que representan la gran delincuencia como lo hemos visto, que otorga libertad a quienes han cometido los peores crímenes, seguimos dando tumbos sobre el tema para dar soluciones transitorias como en el caso del aberrante hacinamiento carcelario, liberando al desgaire delincuentes y suprimiendo delitos llamados menores que son precursores de grandes crímenes precisamente por la impunidad.
Leer: El enemigo interno
Por eso la reforma al Código Penal que propone el Minjusticia no tendrá un efecto práctico en beneficio de la sociedad, pues el derecho penal se ha concebido para proteger a la sociedad de la delincuencia con la aplicación de penas con una efectiva resocialización, y no liberando a los delincuentes sin fórmula de juicio, que como he dicho seguirán delinquiendo sabedores de que esa es la política de siempre de un Estado improvidente y tolerante con el crimen, que ha dicho por boca del ministro de justicia que “la cárcel además es carísima” que sugiere que lo que hay que hacer es seguir liberando delincuentes con desidia, sin plantear con seriedad una verdadera política criminal que cumpla con los conceptos de penas y resocialización.
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