Por Eligio Palacio Roldán
Hace algo más de tres años visité por primera vez el Bajo Cáuca Antioqueño. Me estremeció la pobreza, la crudeza de la realidad violenta y el abandono, a la buena de Dios, por parte del estado, de los habitantes de la región. En ese entonces, publiqué “LA PRIORIDAD DEL OTRO DESENCANTO” (https://eligiopalacio.com/2016/05/04/la-prioridad-del-otro-desencanto/).
He vuelto la semana anterior y la situación es aún más difícil. Se ha agravado por la intervención de las autoridades en la cadena de la minería ilegal y por los enfrentamientos entre las bandas “El Clan del Golfo, el ELN, “Los Caparrapos” y las disidencias de las Farc por el control de la zona.
Hechos como el asesinado de un médico, el mes pasado, en el municipio de El Bagre, han hecho que el temor se apodere de la población. La situación económica es muy compleja por factores como la reciente emergencia en Hidroituango, la lucha contra la minería ilegal y el mismo orden público que impide que la población tenga una vida normal. Es poco probable que los que cuentan con alguna capacidad adquisitiva inviertan en la región e incluso acuda a sitios de esparcimiento y diversión, agravando aún más la crisis. El desempleo crece por el cierre de almacenes y pequeñas empresas que generaban algún tipo de empleo formal o informal.
En el Bajo Cauca se habla de muerte, de cuerpos desmembrados, de cabezas sangrantes abandonadas en los puentes. De terror y escondites para esquivar las balas. De guerras entre bandas delincuenciales, por el control de las zonas urbanas y rurales de los municipios de la región.
Mientras la minería legal e ilegal deja sus huellas sobre una tierra productiva, hermosa y exuberante, la violencia y la muerte la dejan sobre los seres que la habitan. Hoy como ayer, en los tiempos de la conquista y la colonia, los habitantes de Colombia sucumben ante la fiebre del oro, una riqueza que parece maldita.
Pero no es solo el Bajo Cauca, lo es también Medellín y los demás campos y ciudades de Colombia donde los mercados ilegales crecen. Mercado de oro, droga y ventas callejeras de mercancías con marcas falsas o plagiadas. En la capital antioqueña solo basta, para comprobarlo, recorrer los escasos metros del mítico Parque Berrío.
Tratando de auscultar la realidad de la economía subterránea es difícil dilucidar si en Colombia existe una cultura de la ilegalidad o una necesidad de la ilegalidad. Lo que sí parece ser una certeza es que al país le quedó grande tener una economía sostenible, enmarcada en la ley, que permita la construcción de una paz verdadera. Mientras tanto, el país político sigue en una agitada confrontación alrededor de una paz para un pequeño grupo de ancianos.
ANTES DEL FIN
Hace unos meses, sentado bajo un árbol de mango, en un municipio al norte del país, escuché a un anciano sentirse muy feliz: Dos de sus nietos estaban “bien ubicados” laboralmente: el primero en una finca de Mancuso y el otro con el Clan del Golfo.
A propósito, ¿Cuándo el DANE medirá el desempleo en las regiones apartadas del país? ¿Cuándo los medios de comunicación contarán la realidad de esta otra Colombia, diferente a Bogotá?
Voces, imágenes y sonidos del Bajo Cauca Antioqueño en el siguiente video.
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