Por Daniel Schwartz (Tomado de Cambio).
“¿Solo el 1 por ciento de los colombianos gana más de 10 millones de pesos?”, preguntó una y otra vez Yamid Amad a Luis Carlos Reyes, próximo director de la Dian. Como cuando un padre le explica al hijo que hay niños en África que no tienen qué comer, Reyes tuvo que explicarle al periodista que Colombia es un país pobre. Las burlas y las críticas a tan ingenua reacción del “maestro” –porque aquí, pasados los 70 años, todos reciben ese cuasi título nobiliario– no se hicieron esperar.
A muchos, la reacción del cándido entrevistador les sirvió para justificar que los más privilegiados no saben en qué país viven. Sin embargo, pienso que pocos fueron al punto: lo de Yamid debería preocuparnos no porque así piensan los ricos, sino porque así piensan los periodistas más reconocidos.
Puede interesar: La resistencia al cambio
No debería sorprender a nadie que haya una minoría desconectada de la realidad del país. Debería sorprendernos, en cambio, que un gremio tan importante para la democracia no sepa que ganar 10 millones de pesos al mes te hace rico en un país de pobres.
Muchos periodistas, nobles ellos, que son el contrapoder y que están comprometidos con la gente, ganan tanto que no saben qué es lo verdaderamente importante por contar. Es una élite periodística, la que más resuena y posiciona su agenda en el debate público, que está completamente desconectada de la gente.
De interés: Las casandras del régimen
Entiendo que el periodismo también debe estar cerca del poder, o por lo menos un tipo de periodismo debe tener acceso a las esferas del poder para así comprender el tejemaneje de quienes manejan el país. Pero una cosa es estar cerca del poder, comprender su lógica, mirarlo con lupa, y otra muy distinta es fundirse con él: sobran las amistades entre periodistas y políticos, entre periodistas y grandes empresarios.
Dirán que cada uno se junta con quién quiera, claro, pero entonces no salgan con que son valientes y toda esa parafernalia, y todos esos adjetivos grandilocuentes para enaltecer el oficio. Dudo que los cocteles y las galas sean parte de un trabajo encubierto.
Leer: El falso “Día de la Independencia”
Pienso que hay que tener mesura y recato para ejercer este oficio, o por lo menos despreciar un poquito la opulencia. Mucho del periodismo que consumimos no conoce ni le interesa escudriñar a los poderosos, pero los admira, quiere estar ahí cerca, quiere hacer parte de los círculos del poder. Muchos periodistas conocen a los poderosos no porque los hayan investigado.
Los reconocen como su igual, no solo porque algunos periodistas ganan más plata que los políticos (dirán, nuevamente, que nada tiene que ver cuánto se gana; pero sí, sí tiene que ver), sino porque los conocen de tú a tú, porque han forjado amistades. Ese periodismo de la opulencia camina sobre la cuerda floja, confunde los afectos con la profesión, corre el riesgo de traicionarse a sí mismo.
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Estoy seguro de que muchos periodistas no tienen ni la menor idea de cómo aquellos escándalos que denuncian han afectado a la gente del montón, pues nunca –o hace mucho que no– se embarran. Por eso pasan de la política al periodismo, o del periodismo crítico y acusador a cargos diplomáticos en el extranjero, como ocurrió hace unos años con una famosa periodista.
Quedamos entonces a merced de un periodismo que solo busca el escándalo del día, el nombre del día, la chiva del día que no es más que una firma o un pagaré, o una foto desafortunada o algún documento ininteligible. Las noticias, las grandes investigaciones, son ahora fotos que relacionan a un señor con otro señor, como si eso fuera el meollo, como si eso fuera lo que debería leer o escuchar el país. ¿Por qué lo hacen? Supongo que es porque muchos periodistas creen que los nombres, que solo a ellos les parecen importantes, son los nombres que le deben importar al resto del país. También porque les da audiencia, porque ganan más despertando el revanchismo de una muchedumbre en llamas contra un tipo que al día siguiente ya nadie sabrá quién es.
De interés: Un buen comienzo
Con esto no quiero decir que no haya que destapar la corrupción. Percibo, sin embargo, que en la mera denuncia no alcanzan a percibirse los impactos en las personas víctimas de la corrupción, como si el ladrón fuera más importante que la víctima del robo.
Es este un periodismo que se queda con el nombre de un señor que hizo una cosa terrible, pero que poco o nada dice sobre las personas afectadas por esa cosa terrible. La gran denuncia de Valeria Santos y Sebastián Nohra sobre los saqueos a la paz abrió la posibilidad para que el país supiera en contexto qué son los municipios PDET y cómo el Gobierno los ha desfinanciado y ha incumplido las metas de gastos, o cómo la violencia está volviendo a azotar a muchos de estos municipios, que son a su vez los más golpeados por la guerra. Pero nada.
Le puede interesar: Desafíos y oportunidades
Aparte de alguna frase dentro de una investigación llena de nombres y reuniones sospechosas, ninguno de los periodistas hizo un reportaje describiendo la situación de los municipios PDET. Ninguno fue.
Ninguno habló de la grave situación que viven algunas de estas poblaciones al sur del Tolima, por ejemplo; ninguno fue a visitar alguno de los municipios de los que se habla en el Informe de Implementación del Acuerdo de Paz que se presentó en el Congreso hace unos días y en el que se denuncia un gran aumento en la tasa de homicidios debido al deterioro y al poco compromiso del Gobierno en materia de seguridad. Nadie fue a preguntar cómo es que este saqueo a la paz, aparte del escándalo, afecta directamente a la gente de estos municipios. Nadie fue a preguntarles nada, pero aún están a tiempo.
De interés: Conflicto socioeconómico, perspectivas de solución y poder
En 2019 falleció Alfredo Molano, un cronista que supo que lo importante no estaba en el recinto del Congreso o en la sala de juntas de una poderosa empresa. Lo importante, según su trabajo, no son los poderosos, sino lo que tiene para contar la gente afectada por los corruptos o por la visión de país que tienen y han tenido los poderosos. Molano ejerció un periodismo (mucho más que solo periodismo) desde la trinchera y siguiendo el corte.
El año pasado se fue Antonio Caballero, distinto a Molano, pero igual de valioso. Caballero no le corría a las élites así hiciera parte de ellas con sus apellidos. No tenía la necesidad de demostrarle nada a nadie y por eso pensaba con independencia, sabía que juntarse con ciertas personas influyentes no le daría más reconocimiento.
Aunque algunos lo excusen por ser un periodista mayor, Yamid Amat representa ese periodismo en las nubes. Habla muy mal de una democracia que lo que diga o haga un periodista represente al gremio y también a una clase social, la élite, como si fuera lo mismo ser periodista que ser rico.
Eso va en contravía de una profesión cuya actividad es supuestamente un servicio a la ciudadanía. Conozco y valoro a los periodistas que siguen contando los acontecimientos de abajo hacia arriba, que saben desaparecer de la historia que narran y no necesitan tanto megáfono. A su trabajo debemos prestarle más atención.

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