Por Sara Rincón.
Es normal tener sentimientos de preocupación, incertidumbre y desesperanza luego de recibir un diagnóstico de diabetes o VIH, enterarse del desarrollo de una enfermedad respiratoria como EPOC, sufrir un ataque cardíaco, entre otros diagnósticos o desenlaces de enfermedades crónicas.
Sin embargo, aunque estos sentimientos son normales, si persisten tras varias semanas y afectan la capacidad para continuar con la vida diaria, disfrutar momentos con personas cercanas o cumplir en el trabajo, es probable que exista de manera paralela alguna condición de salud mental como ansiedad o depresión, y que requieren una atención especial y un acompañamiento profesional (2).
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“Hoy, les queremos decir a los pacientes crónicos que están pasando por una situación emocional compleja que no están solos. Invitamos a todos los colombianos a hablar sin estigmas y a estar atentos para actuar oportunamente en caso de que un amigo, un familiar o una persona cercana pueda estar en situación de riesgo” aseguró Natalia García, Directora Médica de GSK Colombia.

¿Qué es una enfermedad crónica?
Las enfermedades crónicas son aquellas que duran por un tiempo muy prolongado y que, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, no pueden ser curadas por completo (1). Algunas de las más conocidas son EPOC, diabetes, condiciones del corazón, e hipertensión. varias de ellas se encuentran entre las principales causas de muerte, tanto a nivel global como en Colombia (3) (4).
Según la OMS y el National Institute of Mental Health, las personas que viven con condiciones crónicas son una población en alto riesgo de desarrollar trastornos de salud mental. De hecho, se estima que una de cada tres personas que vive con alguna de estas condiciones experimenta en algún momento depresión (1).
De interés: Crecen las afecciones respiratorias
Las enfermedades mentales se pueden tratar, incluso si existe una condición crónica
Existen tratamientos efectivos que pueden ayudar al paciente a controlar episodios de ansiedad o depresión, mejorando su calidad de vida (1). Siempre debe contar con el acompañamiento de un psicólogo o un psiquiatra para obtener un diagnóstico de la situación y, en caso de ser requerido, recibir recomendaciones de estos profesionales sobre terapias tanto farmacológicas como no farmacológicas (5) (6).
En algunas ocasiones pueden existir miedos a la hora de acceder a diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades de salud mental, en especial por la posible coexistencia de medicamentos para la condición crónica (7). Sin embargo, los médicos cuentan con todas las herramientas para diseñar una terapia segura y eficaz que mejore la situación (7). Es clave informarle al personal de salud todos los tratamientos actuales, incluídos los suplementos dietéticos, para evitar los riesgos de interferencia (7).
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Finalmente, el rol de los cuidadores y familiares de los pacientes crónicos es fundamental para brindar un soporte y acompañar a quien está pasando por una situación de riesgo (5). El círculo cercano debe abrir espacios para hablar sobre la situación #SinEstigmas, creando una red de apoyo que ayude al paciente a generar nuevamente una conexión con su entorno (5).

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