¿COLOMBIANOS Y COLOMBIANAS, RIDÍCULOS Y RIDÍCULAS?

Actualidad Emprendimiento / Gente
305 comentarios en ¿COLOMBIANOS Y COLOMBIANAS, RIDÍCULOS Y RIDÍCULAS?

Por Héctor Abad Faciolince

En estos días una amiga que aprecio mucho por su valor e independencia, Florence Thomas, escribió en El Tiempo que yo era «absolutamente alérgico al lenguaje incluyente». No la desmiento, lo soy, sobre todo si por lenguaje incluyente se entiende la costumbre de reemplazar la letra ‘a‘ y la letra ‘o‘ por el signo @ (querid@s amig@s), o si cada vez que uno dice «ciudadanos» debe añadir también «ciudadanas».

Dijo también que, a pesar de esta alergia, tendría que acostumbrarme al lenguaje incluyente (el que no excluye a las mujeres), «porque es un debate contemporáneo importante que estamos ganando poco a poco». Y concluyó con una pregunta: «¿Sí o no, Héctor?» Respondo: No, querida Florence, y voy a tratar de explicar por qué no.

El género es una categoría gramatical que no tiene nada que ver con el sexo. Cuando yo digo, por ejemplo, que «las personas tienen estómago», aunque «personas» tenga género femenino no estoy excluyendo a los hombres. Y aunque «estómago» sea masculino de género, lo llevan por dentro los dos sexos por igual. De hecho el órgano viril por excelencia, suele tener en castellano género femenino y (excúsenme los oídos castos) puedo citar los casos de la verga, la polla, la picha y la mondá, cuatro instrumentos idénticos de género femenino, aunque evidentemente de sexo masculino. Y en España, al menos, pasa lo inverso con la parte correspondiente de la mujer y, por típicamente femenino que sea (en cuanto al sexo) el coño, el género de esta palabra es masculino.

Cita Florence en apoyo de su tesis un titular de El Tiempo que decía así: «Piden cadena perpetua para violadores de niños». Thomas se indigna porque la mayoría de las víctimas del delito de violación son niñas y no niños, y siente que El Tiempo, al escribir niños, está dejando en la sombra a las niñas, excluyéndolas, negando su sexo, y propone que el título correcto debería haber sido: «Cadena perpetua para violadores de niñas y niños». En realidad, si el manual de estilo del periódico obligara a los periodistas a usar un «lenguaje incluyente», el título, más exacto, tendría que decir: «Cadena perpetua para violadores y violadoras de niñas y de niños». Sé muy bien que por cada mil violadores hombres, si mucho, hay una violadora mujer, pero si uno se va a poner muy preciso, y si se va a saltar la economía propia del idioma, es difícil saber dónde trazar la raya.

Como el género, insisto, es un asunto gramatical y no sexual, hay una convención en varias lenguas occidentales (español, francés…) según la cual ante un número plural de personas, se usará, por economía verbal, el género masculino, lo cual no excluye a las integrantes de ese grupo específico que tengan sexo femenino.

Si Florence viviera en Alemania no había podido escribir su protesta en el caso de los niños violados, puesto niño, en alemán, es neutro: das Kind. El género es una cosa arbitraria y rara. La palabra mano, en italiano, es femenina como en español, pero su plural (mani) usa la i, que es una típica terminación de género masculino. Se sabe que ‘sol‘ es femenino en alemán (die Sonne, la sol), y luna se dice der Mond (es decir, el luna), y para mayor enredo, ni siquiera la palabra ‘muchacha‘ es femenina, sino neutra: das Mädchen. Con esto quiero demostrar la arbitrariedad que tiene el género gramatical. Es más, hay lenguas no occidentales con muchísimos otros géneros: animal, neutro, dual, de cosa animada, de cosa inanimada, para vegetales, para minerales…

Florence pide «sentido común» en el uso del lenguaje incluyente. No lo pide para las novelas (menos mal) sino para «los documentos oficiales, los discursos políticos, las constituciones, leyes y decretos». El artículo 51 de la Constitución Nacional, por ejemplo, dice así: «Todos los colombianos tienen derecho a vivienda digna». La constitución de Florence diría: «Todas las colombianas y todos los colombianos tienen derecho a vivienda digna». No me convence; me parece redundante, feo e inútil y me lo seguirá pareciendo incluso si algún día, como escribe Thomas «ganan este debate». Es más, me parece mucho más importante el debate de la vivienda digna que el del lenguaje incluyente.

Creo que en ese debate hay un exceso de susceptibilidad de parte de algunas mujeres. Sé que no todas ellas se sienten excluidas cuando se usa el género masculino para el plural, por simple economía de lenguaje, y no para discriminar. Al fin y al cabo, todas las personas que existen en el mundo pueden ser calificadas con adjetivos negativos, y también la mitad de los oficios y actividades pueden tener una connotación peyorativa. Y en todas esas acepciones negativas, el género masculino carga con la abominación, sin que los de mi sexo protestemos. Si usáramos de verdad un lenguaje incluyente, tendríamos que decir no sólo colombianos y colombianas, sino también asesinos y asesinas, borrachos y borrachas, secuestradores y secuestradoras, violadores y violadoras, feos y feas, brutos y brutas, estúpidos y estúpidas. ¿De verdad les parecería bueno usar el lenguaje así?

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